For patients with elevated liver enzymes, further workup may include hepatitis B and C serologies, iron studies, autoimmune markers, and ceruloplasmin to exclude alternative causes of liver disease
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Additionally, its action on brain centers that control appetite results in reduced hunger and improved control over eating behaviors
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial CV effects of SGLT2i, namely reduction of blood pressure and intravascular volume, and reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption, all of which can lead to a decreased workload on the heart and improved cardiac function [86, 107]
doi: 10.3390/cimb45060288 41
Postoperative / Rehabilitation Phase Rigid dressing / immediate post-operative prosthesis (IPOP): Reduces edema, accelerates rehabilitation timeline Stump shaping: Elastic bandaging, prosthetic shrinkers (HCPCS L8440/L8460) essential for preparing residual limb for prosthetic fitting Physical therapy: Strengthening, balance, gait training essential prior to and following prosthetic fitting Occupational therapy: Upper limb amputees ADL retraining, prosthetic use training Pain management: Multi-modal opioids (acute), gabapentin/pregabalin/duloxetine (neuropathic/phantom), mirror therapy, TENS, nerve blocks Wound care: Serial dressing changes, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for complex wounds, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for ischemic or infected stumps Prosthetic Rehabilitation Prosthetic fitting: Initiated when residual limb volume stable (typically 48 weeks post-amputation for vascular