These facts led to the search for and design of GST inhibitors, including their synthetic analogues and glutathione conjugates, however, most of the existing inhibitors are either too toxic to be used in vivo or are effective only in vitro [14, 15]
Thus, the severity of mycotoxin toxicity can be complicated by factors such as vitamin deficiency, caloric deprivation, alcohol abuse, and infectious disease [1,3,8]
Furthermore, the metabolism of PUFAs is related to the formation of toxic byproducts, especially 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), leading to the initiation of ferroptosis (Zhong and Yin, 2015)
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index
Personalized multimodal strategiesintegrating lifestyle, nutrition, and targeted therapiesrequire further development and validation in clinical trials
Finally, the absorbance was measured using a universal microplate reader at a wavelength of 405 nm