In T2D, dysbiosis is also associated with the development of insulin resistance
Also, Escherichia coli , Citrobacter , Klebsiella pneaumoniae , and Shigella , Achromobacter from the strain of Betaproteobacteria , Sporosarcina from Firmicutes , and Actinobacteria have enzymes that can lead to the conversion of all food compounds including choline, betaine, lecithin, gamma-butyrobetaine, ergothioneine and L-carnitine into TMA
Da Silva FM, Iorio NLP, Lobo LA, dos Santos KRN, Farah A, Maia L, Antonio AG
PLoS ONE 7:e36476
2025 Apr 22;16(1):3777
iii) the decrease of GPx observed in cardiac arrhythmic pathology was up to 2/3 (64.66%), showing the presence of oxidative stress