can glutathione be absorbed orally is oral absorption evidence A Targeted Metabolomic Assessment of Bioavailability and Safety in Oral delivery of glutathione: antioxidant

Both divicine and convicine rapidly oxidize GSH to GSSG

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Treat it as historical in vitro data rather than in-human evidence, the original study used cultured cells, not human subjects [16][17]

Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, Turkovic B, Rokotov DS, Brcic L, Sever M, Klicek R, Radic B, Drmic D, Ilic S, Kolenc D, Aralica G, Safic H, Suran J, Rak D, Dzidic S, Vrcic H, Sebecic B

Moreover, in fresh samples from patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the GSH/GSSG levels in the resistant group were significantly higher than those in the sensitive group, which is consistent with previous research [28]