Note: The above statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration
Intramuscular hydroxocobalamin injections are the recommended first-line treatment in the UK, as they bypass the absorption problem caused by lack of intrinsic factor
As an auxiliary method to HPLC, it improves the reliability of analytical results
Deficiency can occur in certain populations, including older adults, vegans, individuals with pernicious anaemia, those with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease, people who have had bariatric surgery or gastrectomy, and those on long-term medication such as metformin or acid-suppressing drugs
They make both B complex and B12 vitamin supplements , which can be a good starting point
The difference between those who do and those who don't almost always comes down to one variable: whether they're injecting fasted and maintaining a caloric deficit